Brush arrangement for disk-shaped commutators



H. SUNDHAUSSEN.

BRUSH ARRANGEMENT FOR DISK SHAPED COMMUTATORS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. I5, I92]- Patented Dec. 20, 1921.

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B 2 984 I B UNITED sTArss PATENT OFFICE.

HERMANN SUNDHAUSSEN, OF ESSEN, GERMANY, ASSIG-NOR TO, FRIED, KRUPP AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY.

BRUSH ARRANGEMENT FOR DISK-SHAPED OOMMUTATORS.

Application filed January 15, 1921. Serial No. 437,606.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HERMANN SUND- HAUSSEN, residing at Essen, Germany, a citizen of the German Republic, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Brush Arrangements for Disk- Shaped Commutators, (for which I have filed application in Germany J an. 17, 1917,)

'of which the following'is a specification.

This invention relates to the arrangement of the brushes for disk-shaped commutators of electric machines. More particularly, it is the object of this invention to produce a brush arrangement in which the brushes will come to exert a practically equally powerful and uniform pressure upon the diskshaped commutator and will even when worn down, operate almost sparklessly.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows one embodiment of the subject matter of the present invention as applied to a vertical and cardanically suspended gyroscope motor by way of example. In this drawing I Figure 1 is a top view, partly in section, of the brush arrangement together with the respective parts of the gyroscope motor,

Fig. 2 is a pertinent side elevation, looking from the left'and partly in section on line 2-2 in Fig. 1, and r Fig. 3 is a section on line 33 in'Fig. 1,

looking from the left.

Referring to this drawing, A denotes the gyroscope body containing the armature of a gyroscope motor, and rotatably lodged on its vertical shaft a within an upright Car- 'dan ring B. The gyroscope motor is provided with a disk-shaped commutator (4 ar ranged at'the upper end of the gyroscope body. The upright Cardan ring B has two arms 6 extending in opposite directions, to each of which is rigidly fixed a pivot B crossing the commutator shaft at right angles. The axes of said two pivots B are located in parallel to each other. On the stepped free end 6 of each pivot B there is mounted a revoluble sleeve C of outer square shape (shown more clearly in Fig. 3), which for its part is provided with a flange 0 bearing up against the stouter part Specification of Letters Patent.

two-part brush holders Patented Dec. 20, 1921.

of the pivot B 'On each sleeve C is placed a second sleeve D of box-shaped cross section and made of a non-conducting material, and which is adapted to support the E, as also two disks material forming the brush holders.

F of a. non-conducting lateral confines of said it, are secured against shift in the manner disclosed in the drawing, namely by aid of a washer and a screw nut. Each brush holder E is fitted with two arms e within which there is lodged to rock on two coaxially disposed pivots g, the sleeve G supporting the brush G. The axis of the pivots g 18 disposed in parallel to the axis of the pivots B forming the axis of oscillation of the brush holder E. As will be seen from the drawing, the arrangement devised is such that the two brush holdersE as well as their brushes G- will come to be disposed along one and the same diameter of the commutator a on either side of the commutator shaft al On the stouter portion of each of the pivots B there is loosely mounted so as to be capable both of rotation and displacement an annular body H. These two annular bodies H are slotted in the manner disclosed in the drawing (Fig. 1) and are connected with each other by an initially tensioned spring J the ends of which are attached to pins 7L1 fixed in the annular bodies H. The common spring J consequently comes to apply a turning moment on both annular bodies H, the arrangement devised being such that the active lever of said turning moment will augment when the annular bodies H are rotated in the direction indicated by arrow 00 (Fig. 2), which moment causes a reduction in the tension force of the spring. By these means the result is secured that the turning moment exerted by the spring will approximately retain its value. The annular bodies H subjected to the action of the common tension spring are connected to the sleeves C each by means of apin h? (Fig. 1) screwed into each annular body H. The pin 71. projects with its head k through a recess 0 formed in the flange c of the sleeve C and bears up in the The sleeve C along with all the parts borne by- I coupling intermediate manner shown in Fig. 1 under the action of the spring J against the wall of said recess. The annular body H, the pin h with its head 71 and the recess 0 of the sleeve G form the parts of a disconnectible' the spring J and the brush holder E.

In the position of the several parts of the brush arrangement as shown, the spring J exerts on the two annular bodies H a turning moment which substantially remains the same even when the spring tension diminishes, and which tends to rotate the annular bodies in the direction indicated by the arrows m (Fig. 2). The turning moment is transmitted by the pin 71, acting as the engaging member, upon the sleeve C and therewith upon the brush holders .E which, as a result, likewise tend to turn in the sense denoted by the arrows a; and in so doing press the brushes G with equal force 7 down upon the slide surface of the diskshaped commutator a When it be desired to inspect the sliding surface of a brush, or to replace a brush, the appropriate annular body H is rotated counter to the direction indicated by the arrow 00 for such an extent that the pin k can be withdrawn from the recess 0?. Hereupon the annular body H is axially displaced for such a distance that the coupling existing between itand the sleeve C will be disconnected. To conclude, the respective brush Galong with its holder E is turned into the position indicated in .dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 52in which position the brush may be conveniently inspected or taken out and replaced.

From the improved brush arrangement hereinbefore-described it will be understood that both-brushes are also pressed close up and absolutely uniformly on both sides of the commutator shaft against the commutator even in case the brushes have already been'worn down. Thisfeature embodies the advantage that any one-sided pressure ofthebrushes upon the commutator will be obviated with certainty.

But besides this, the improved brush arrangement ofiers the advantage that despite the unevenness in the wearing down of the brushes resulting from the disparity .in the peripheralspeed of disk-shaped commuta tors, the brushes will be enabled to operate almost spark-lessly and that a practically constant intermediate resistance will always Y be secured. This advantage is founded on a the fact that, owing to the more rapid wear of the-outer portions of the brushes, the latter will rotateabouttheir pivots 9 im- :pelled by the action of the turning moment exerted by'the spring J, and W111 adjust themselves so that, exactly as in the case of brushes not worn down, the entire collecting surface thereof will always come to bear up against the slide face of the commutator.

Moreover, owing to the oscillating pivots of the brush holders being firmly fixed in their position, the brush arrangement forming the subject matter oi this invention further offers the security against any undesirable shifting of the brushes out of the neutral zone.

Claims:

1. An arrangement of the class described in combination with a motor and a diskshaped commutator comprising a pair of arms secured to the motor, a pair of pivot bars projecting therefrom, brush holders mounted on said pivot bars, brushes pivotably supported by said holders, said holders being disposed at right angles to the commutator axis and on opposite sides thereof and spring means connecting said holders, said spring tending to rock said brushes toward said commutator.

. 2. An arrangement of'brushes for use in combination with a motor having a diskshaped commutator comprising arms rigidly secured to said motor,a pair of parallel pivot bars secured to said arms, a pair of brush holders rotatably supported on said pivot bars and arranged at opposite sides of said commutator, brushes pivotally sup-- ported by said holders, annular bodies on saidpivot bars, means connecting said annular bodies to said brush holders and a spring connectingsaid annular bodies tending to rotate them in a direction to cause said brushes to engage said disk-shaped commutator.

disk- V axis of said commutator, a pair of brush holders rotatably supported on said pivot bars, a pair of arms projecting from each .brush holder," a brush pivotally supported between each pair of arms, a pair of rotatable members mounted on said pivot bars ad jacent' said brush holders, a spring connect ing said pair of rotatable members and a disconnectable coupling connecting each rotatable member with 7 its adjacent brush holder whereby the action of said spring tends to cause said brushes to constantly engage said d1sk-shaped commutator. V

4. An arrangement for brushes 1n connec t1on wlth a motor having a disk-shaped commutator comprising supporting means projecting fromsaid motor, a'pair ofpivott 1 bars projecting from said supporting means and disposed parallel to each other and crossing the axis of the commutator at right angles thereto, a pair of brush holders rotatably supported on said pivot bars, said brush holders being each provided with a pair of arms, a brush pivotally mounted in each pair of arms, a pair of rotatable members mounted respectively on said pivot bars and adjacent said brush holders, means connecting each rotatable member with its adjacent brush holder and a spring, the ends of which are attached respectively to said rota table members, the point of connection of such spring with said rotatable members 10 being such that when said brush holders are Essen, Germany, this 6th day of December, 15

HERMANN SUN DHAUSSEN. Witnesses:

HANS GOTTSMANN, JOHANN DEOKERS. 

